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Obol (coin)
The obol (, ''obolos'', also ὀβελός (''obelós''), ὀβελλός (''obellós''), ὀδελός (''odelós''). "nail, metal spit";〔.〕 (ラテン語:obolus)) was a form of ancient Greek currency and weight.
==Currency==
Obols were used from early times. According to Plutarch they were originally spits of copper or bronze traded by weight, while six obols make a drachma or a handful, since that was as many as the hand could grasp.〔Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The Life of Lysander, (para. 17 )〕 Heraklides of Pontus in his work on ''"Etymologies"'' mentions the obols of Heraion and derives the origin of obolos from obelos. This is confirmed by the historian Ephorus on his work " On Inventions". Excavations at Argos discovered several dozen of these early obols, dated well before 800 ; they are now displayed at the Numismatic Museum of Athens. Archaeologists today describe the iron spits as "utensil-money" since excavated hoards indicate that during the Late Geometric period they were exchanged in handfuls (drachmae) of six spits,〔Biba Teržan "L'aristocrazia femminile nella prima età del Ferro"〕 they were not used for manufacturing artifacts as metallurgical analyses suggest, but they were most likely used as token-money.〔"The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age" by Harry Fokkens & Anthony Harding〕 Plutarch states the Spartans had an iron obol of four coppers. They retained the cumbersome and impractical bars rather than proper coins to discourage the pursuit of wealth.〔Plutarch, Lycurgus 9〕
In Classical Athens, obols were traded as silver coins. Six obols made up the drachma. There were also coins worth two obols ("diobol") and three obols ("triobol"). Each obol was divisible into eight "coppers" (, ''khalkoí''). During this era, an obol purchased a kantharos and chous (6 pints or 3 liters) of wine. Three obols was a standard rate for prostitutes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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